ABSTRACT
IoT-based smart healthcare system allows doctors to monitor and diagnose patients remotely, which can greatly ease overcrowding in the hospitals and disequilibrium of medical resources, especially during the rage of COVID-19. However, the smart healthcare system generates enormous data which contains sensitive personal information. To protect patients’privacy, we propose a secure blockchain-assisted access control scheme for smart healthcare system in fog computing. All the operations of users are recorded on the blockchain by smart contract in order to ensure transparency and reliability of the system. We present a blockchain-assisted Multi-Authority Attribute-Based Encryption (MA-ABE) scheme with keyword search to ensure the confidentiality of the data, avoid single point of failure and implement fine-grained access control of the system. IoT devices are limited in resources, therefore it is not practical to apply the blockchain-assisted MA-ABE scheme directly. To reduce the burdens of IoT devices, We outsource most of the computational tasks to fog nodes. Finally, the security and performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed system is reliable, practical, and efficient. IEEE
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed the privacy of positive patients to the public, which will lead to violations of users' rights and even threaten their lives. A privacy-preserving scheme involving virus-infected positive patients is proposed by us. The traditional ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) has the features of enhanced plaintext security and fine-grained access control. However, the encryption process requires the high computational performance of the device, which puts a high strain on resource-limited devices. After semi-honest users successfully decrypt the data, they will get the real private data, which will cause serious privacy leakage problems. Traditional cloud-based data management architectures are extremely vulnerable in the face of various cyberattacks. To address the above challenges, a verifiable ABE scheme based on blockchain and local differential privacy is proposed, using LDP to perturb the original data locally to a certain extent to resist collusion attacks, outsourcing encryption and decryption to corresponding service providers to reduce the pressure on mobile terminals, and deploying smart contracts in combination with blockchain for fair execution by all parties to solve the problem of returning wrong search results in a semi-honest cloud server. Detailed security proofs are performed through the defined security goals, which shows that the proposed scheme is indeed privacy-protective. The experimental results show that the scheme is optimized in terms of data accuracy, computational overhead, storage performance, and fairness. In terms of efficiency, it greatly reduces the local load, enhances personal privacy protection, and has high practicality as well as reliability. As far as we know, it is the first case of applying the combination of LDP technology and blockchain to a tracing system, which not only mitigates poisoning attacks on user data, but also improves the accuracy of the data, thus making it easier to identify infected contacts and making a useful contribution to health prevention and control efforts. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
Smart Health, with its flexibility and efficiency, has been widely deployed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, privacy protection mechanisms for Smart Health are not yet well established and still present a number of security issues. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE), is identified as the furthest potential approach for constructing privacy-preserving Smart Health. However, traditional CP-ABE is facing some new challenges. On the one hand, access policy is not encrypted, and the identity information of the user could be exposed. On the other hand, Smart Health Records (SHRs) are outsourced to the Cloud Service Providers (CSP) and may be at risk of being tampered with. In this article, we have built a CP-ABE solution (PHCA) that supports policy-hiding and cloud auditing to ensure privacy security for smart health, in which the decryption cost is constant. To ensure data integrity, we securely introduce an effective third-party auditor. In addition, we design and implement safe and effective outsourcing decryption algorithms, which significantly low the decryption costs for users. Performance comparisons and security analysis demonstrate that our solutions function effectively. • We propose a CP-ABE scheme (PHCA) that supports policy-hiding and cloud auditing. • Our scheme ensures data integrity and privacy. • Our scheme is proven secure under dual-system encryption technique. [ FROM AUTHOR]
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact the Japanese economy as well as the political fortunes of Japan's leader in 2021. For the second year in a row, Japan's Prime Minister was forced to stand down, portending a return to the revolving door of one-year prime ministerships that characterized the politically tumultuous period between 2006 and 2012. Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide's announcement that he would not seek reappointment as president of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), therefore effectively resigning as prime minister, precipitated the most competitive race for the LDP leadership in a decade in September. Suga's anointed replacement was former record-setting Minister of Foreign Affairs Kishida Fumio. Kishida was not the most popular choice for Japan's next prime minister among the public or even the LDP party cadres. His initial cabinet ratings reflected this and the fact that Kishida had triumphed over then «vaccine minister» Kōno Tarō in the party contest primarily due to factional manoeuvrings facilitated by former Prime Minister Abe Shinzō. To the traditionally dovish Kishida's credit, he demonstrated great pragmatism in 2021. He managed to win the backing of Abe and other conservatives by adapting his own political positions and adopting others from the conservative wing of the LDP, particularly on Taiwan policy, national security, and economic security policy. Kishida survived Japan's October House of Representatives election in better-than-expected shape and went on to improve his cabinet ratings in the last two months of 2021. Kishida entered 2022 in a strong position with both the COVID-19 and economic situation heading in the right direction ahead of the mid-2022 House of Councillors election—the last national election Kishida will have to face for three years if he prevails.
ABSTRACT
Despite loose restrictions and a low mortality rate due to COVID-19, Japan faced the challenge of stabilizing its economy during the pandemic. Here, we analyzed how the Japanese government attempted to maintain a balance between the health of the population and the health of the economy. We used a mix of quantitative data, information from policy documents, and news agency publications. Features of the Japanese government's handling of the pandemic include the lack of constitutional authority to enforce a lockdown, the laxer restrictions compared with other countries in which citizens were advised only to exercise self-restraint and avoid close social contact, and the existence of expert panels that had only an advisory role. Our findings address the slow initial response of the government, which feared that the 2020 Tokyo Olympics would be canceled, and the increased testing when the Olympics were postponed, as well as the expansion of vaccination efforts after the Olympics. In addition, there was a targeted campaign to promote national travel to increase economic revenue in the tourism sector, but this led to an increase in COVID-19 cases.
ABSTRACT
Smart Health, with its flexibility and efficiency, has been widely deployed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, privacy protection mechanisms for Smart Health are not yet well established and still present a number of security issues. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE), is identified as the furthest potential approach for constructing privacy-preserving Smart Health. However, traditional CP-ABE is facing some new challenges. On the one hand, access policy is not encrypted, and the identity information of the user could be exposed. On the other hand, Smart Health Records (SHRs) are outsourced to the Cloud Service Providers(CSP) and may be at risk of being tampered with. In this article, we have built a CP-ABE solution (PHCA) that supports policy-hiding and cloud auditing to ensure privacy security for smart health, in which the decryption cost is constant. To ensure data integrity, we securely introduce an effective third-party auditor. In addition, we design and implement safe and effective outsourcing decryption algorithms, which significantly low the decryption costs for users. Performance comparisons and security analysis demonstrate that our solutions function effectively.
ABSTRACT
The recent COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated the potential of cutting-edge genomics research. However, privacy of these sensitive pieces of information is an area of significant concern for health professionals and genomics researchers. The current security model depends on securing location and data transmission channels but lacks the needed flexibility. Even when data is encrypted, key distribution and access control to those keys can be complex, leading to complex systems and reduced research productivity. In this work, we investigate an attribute-based access control model for genomics data. This work builds on top of a Named Data Networking (NDN) Name-based Access Control (NAC) model and explores how attribute-based encryption can be used to provide access control. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed the privacy of positive patients to the public, which will lead to violations of users’ rights and even threaten their lives. A privacy-preserving scheme involving virus-infected positive patients is proposed by us. The traditional ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) has the features of enhanced plaintext security and fine-grained access control. However, the encryption process requires the high computational performance of the device, which puts a high strain on resource-limited devices. After semi-honest users successfully decrypt the data, they will get the real private data, which will cause serious privacy leakage problems. Traditional cloud-based data management architectures are extremely vulnerable in the face of various cyberattacks. To address the above challenges, a verifiable ABE scheme based on blockchain and local differential privacy is proposed, using LDP to perturb the original data locally to a certain extent to resist collusion attacks, outsourcing encryption and decryption to corresponding service providers to reduce the pressure on mobile terminals, and deploying smart contracts in combination with blockchain for fair execution by all parties to solve the problem of returning wrong search results in a semi-honest cloud server. Detailed security proofs are performed through the defined security goals, which shows that the proposed scheme is indeed privacy-protective. The experimental results show that the scheme is optimized in terms of data accuracy, computational overhead, storage performance, and fairness. In terms of efficiency, it greatly reduces the local load, enhances personal privacy protection, and has high practicality as well as reliability. As far as we know, it is the first case of applying the combination of LDP technology and blockchain to a tracing system, which not only mitigates poisoning attacks on user data, but also improves the accuracy of the data, thus making it easier to identify infected contacts and making a useful contribution to health prevention and control efforts.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact the Japanese economy as well as the political fortunes of Japan’s leader in 2021. For the second year in a row, Japan’s Prime Minister was forced to stand down, portending a return to the revolving door of one-year prime ministerships that characterized the politically tumultuous period between 2006 and 2012. Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide’s announcement that he would not seek reappointment as president of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), therefore effectively resigning as prime minister, precipitated the most competi-tive race for the LDP leadership in a decade in September. Suga’s anointed replace-ment was former record-setting Minister of Foreign Affairs Kishida Fumio. Kishida was not the most popular choice for Japan’s next prime minister among the public or even the LDP party cadres. His initial cabinet ratings reflected this and the fact that Kishida had triumphed over then «vaccine minister» Kōno Tarō in the party contest primarily due to factional manoeuvrings facilitated by former Prime Minister Abe Shinzō. To the traditionally dovish Kishida’s credit, he demonstrated great prag-matism in 2021. He managed to win the backing of Abe and other conservatives by adapting his own political positions and adopting others from the conservative wing of the LDP, particularly on Taiwan policy, national security, and economic security policy. Kishida survived Japan’s October House of Representatives election in better-than-expected shape and went on to improve his cabinet ratings in the last two months of 2021. Kishida entered 2022 in a strong position with both the COVID-19 and economic situation heading in the right direction ahead of the mid-2022 House of Councillors election—the last national election Kishida will have to face for three years if he prevails. © Viella s.r.l. & Associazione Asia Maior.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great pain to people around the world. As the epidemic continuing, prevention and control measures become particularly important. Then, the health QR code has been designed to tracing and controlling the epidemic. Through the health code, the confirmed cases and close contacts will be traced quickly. However, the health code records a great deal of residents’ privacy information and if it is leaked, the consequences will be severe. Although some existing health code schemes preserve the privacy, but most of them either do not support fine-grained auditability or are centralized health code storage. Therefore, we propose an auditable and privacy-preserving health QR code scheme based on blockchain. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
This paper outlines frameworks to use for reserving validation and gives the reader an overview of current techniques being employed. In the experience of the authors, many companies lack an embedded reserve validation framework and reserve validation can appear piecemeal and unstructured. The paper outlines a case study demonstrating how successful machine learning techniques will become and then goes on to discuss the implications of machine learning to the future of reserving departments, processes, data and validation techniques. Reserving validation can take many forms, from simple checks to full independent reviews to add value to the reserving process, enhance governance and increase confidence in and reliability in results. This paper discusses covers common weaknesses and their solutions and suggestions of a framework in which to apply validation tools. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on reserving validation is also covered as are early warning indicators and the topic of IFRS 17 from the standpoint of reserving validation. The paper looks at the future for reserving validation and discusses the data challenges that need overcoming on the path to embedded reserving process validation.